Assessment of Metabolic Changes after Thyroidectomy in Thyroid Cancer Patients

Abstract

Objective: Thyroidectomy is an essential component in the treatment of thyroid cancer. But taking out the thyroid gland can have a big effect on metabolic balance because it stops the body from making thyroid hormones. The goal of this study was to look at the metabolic changes that happen following thyroidectomy in people with thyroid cancer. It focused. on the function of the liver and kidneys, the regulation of glucose, the lipid profile, the levels of electrolytes, and the activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL).

Methods: We looked at 50 people who had their thyroids removed and compared them to healthy people of the same age. Six months after surgery, blood samples were taken. We assessed biochemical markers like liver enzymes (ALP, AST, ALT), fasting blood glucose, 1ipid profi1e, electrolytes (Na, Ca), renal parameters (urea, creatinine), and LPL activity. We used SPSS v27 and GraphPad Prism v[9 for statistical analysis. We used T-tests or Mann-Whitney U-tests as needed and also did correlation analysis.

Results: Patients had high alkaline phosphatase levels (mean: 125 U/L), borderline impaired fasting glucose levels (mean: 101 mg/dL), and very high levels of dyslipidemia (mean total cholesterol: 300 mg/dL; triglycerides: 356 mg/dL). There was a small drop in LPL activity (mean: 8.4 U/L). Hyponatremia and hypocalcemia were examples of electrolyte abnormalities that were probably caused by temporary hypoparathyroidism. Most of the kidney parameters were normal; however, there were small increases in urea and creatinine levels. Age was more strongly linked to changes in metabolism than sex.

Conclusion: Thyroidectomy causes major metabolic problems, especially with the metabolism of lipids and glucose. To lower long-term hazards, especially in elderly patients, it is best to keep an eye on metabolism all the time and use hormone replacement solutions that are tailored to each person