Lifting of the Maxillary Sinus in Dental Implantation

Abstract

Background: The posterior maxilla often presents challenges for dental implants due to reduced bone density and volume, exacerbated by alveolar resorption and sinus pneumatization. Maxillary sinus lifting has emerged as a surgical solution to enhance bone volume and implant stability.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the outcomes of dental implantations with and without maxillary sinus lifting, focusing on implant survival rates, bone density changes, and implant stability. It also sought to document associated complications to determine the relative benefits and risks of sinus lift procedures.

Methods: A prospective observational study involving 50 participants divided into two groups: one undergoing sinus lift before implantation and the other receiving direct implantation without sinus lift. Outcomes such as implant stability (measured via ISQ), bone density, and complications were tracked over 12 months using radiographic imaging and clinical evaluations.

Results: Both groups achieved high implant survival rates (96% without sinus lift vs. 92% with sinus lift; p=0.532). Bone density increases were significantly greater in the sinus lift group (2.78 mm vs. 1.44 mm; p<0.001). Implant stability was consistently higher in the sinus lift group across all time points. Complication rates, including sinus perforation and infection, were slightly higher in the sinus lift group, but without long-term impact on outcomes.

Conclusion: Maxillary sinus lifting significantly enhances bone volume and implant stability, though its necessity should be weighed against potential complications. The decision to perform a sinus lift should consider patient-specific anatomical and clinical factors